Rosh Pediatrics Practice Exam

What is the primary treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children?

1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

2. Stimulant medication

3. Antidepressants

4. Dietary changes

The correct answer is: Stimulant medication

The primary treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children is stimulant medication. Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, have been extensively studied and shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of ADHD, such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These medications work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, which helps improve focus and self-control. Stimulant medications have the longest track record of efficacy and safety when it comes to managing ADHD symptoms and are commonly the first line of treatment based on numerous clinical guidelines. The effectiveness of these medications can often be seen rapidly, sometimes within hours of administration, making them a preferred choice for many healthcare providers treating pediatric patients with ADHD. While other treatment options exist, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, antidepressants, and dietary changes, they usually serve as adjunct treatments or alternatives in cases where stimulant medications are not effective or cause unacceptable side effects. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, for instance, can aid in developing coping strategies but does not address the core symptoms of ADHD as effectively as stimulant medications. Antidepressants may be used in certain cases where there is a comorbid condition or if a child does not tolerate stimulants. Dietary changes