Rosh Pediatrics Practice Exam

What is an important consideration when treating a child with Kawasaki disease?

1. Prolonged antibiotic therapy

2. Immediate surgical intervention

3. High-dose aspirin therapy

4. Immunotherapy

The correct answer is: High-dose aspirin therapy

When treating a child with Kawasaki disease, high-dose aspirin therapy is a critical component of the treatment regimen. Kawasaki disease is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels, particularly the coronary arteries, which can lead to serious cardiovascular complications. High-dose aspirin is used not only for its anti-inflammatory effects but also for its antiplatelet properties. This helps to reduce the risk of thrombosis and cardiovascular events that may occur as a result of the disease. The use of high-dose aspirin is guided by the need to manage inflammation in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease and to prevent the formation of coronary artery aneurysms. Additionally, while corticosteroids may sometimes be used in conjunction with aspirin to enhance immunosuppression, high-dose aspirin remains the cornerstone of treatment in this condition. In contrast, prolonged antibiotic therapy is not relevant to Kawasaki disease since it is not caused by an infectious agent. Immediate surgical intervention is not typically indicated unless there are severe complications such as significant coronary artery lesions. Immunotherapy, while beneficial for certain conditions, is not the primary approach for Kawasaki disease and doesn’t replace the need for aspirin in this context.