Rosh Pediatrics Practice Exam

What epidemiological characteristic is associated with a suspected respiratory diagnosis in a 2-year-old boy with a wet cough?

1. ABordetella pertussis is the most common cause

2. BChildren who are breastfed have more severe disease

3. CIt affects infants and children younger than 2 years of age

4. DThe peak incidence is in the spring and summer

The correct answer is: CIt affects infants and children younger than 2 years of age

The characteristic that is associated with a suspected respiratory diagnosis in a 2-year-old boy with a wet cough is that it affects infants and children younger than 2 years of age. This is particularly relevant in cases of respiratory illnesses like bronchiolitis or viral respiratory infections, which are more common and typically more severe in younger children. Infants and toddlers have smaller airways and immune systems that are not yet fully developed, making them more susceptible to respiratory infections and complications. In the context of respiratory illnesses, certain pathogens such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and others can lead to more pronounced symptoms in this age group. Recognizing that many respiratory conditions have a higher incidence in this vulnerable population helps guide appropriate diagnosis and treatment strategies. The other options, while they may pertain to specific respiratory infections, do not directly characterize the epidemiological trends relevant to general respiratory diagnoses in young children the same way. For instance, while Bordetella pertussis can cause significant illness, it is not the most common cause of wet cough in this age group. Additionally, breastfeeding may have various effects on health, but it doesn't inherently suggest the severity of respiratory disease. Finally, while some respiratory infections may exhibit seasonal peaks, the timing can