Rosh Pediatrics Practice Exam

What cardiac complication is commonly associated with anorexia nervosa in adolescents?

1. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

2. Mitral valve prolapse

3. Sinus tachycardia

4. Torsade de pointes

The correct answer is: Mitral valve prolapse

Mitral valve prolapse is a cardiac complication that is commonly associated with anorexia nervosa in adolescents. Anorexia nervosa can lead to several physiological changes in the body, including alterations in the autonomic nervous system and changes in cardiac structure and function. This condition is characterized by the abnormal displacement of the mitral valve leaflets during systole, which can cause a variety of symptoms, including palpitations and, in some cases, may progress to arrhythmias. Adolescents with anorexia may have alterations in their body composition and electrolyte imbalances due to inadequate nutrition, which contributes to the risk of developing mitral valve prolapse. Monitoring for cardiovascular changes, such as those indicative of mitral valve issues, is essential in this population, as early detection can help manage the related complications effectively. While other cardiac complications may occur in individuals with anorexia nervosa, such as sinus tachycardia due to physiological stress or electrolyte imbalances, mitral valve prolapse stands out as a more specific complication relevant to the condition and its effects on the heart.